CORRELAÇÃO ENTRE PARÂMETROS NUTRICIONAIS PRÉ-OPERATÓRIOS E COMPLICAÇÕES PÓS-OPERATÓRIAS EM PACIENTES SUBMETIDOS A CIRURGIAS ONCOLÓGICAS DE GRANDE PORTE

Introduction: Preoperative malnutrition is one of the main modifiable risk factors for postoperative complications in oncologic surgery, affecting 35–60% of cancer patients. Early identification of nutritional risk using validated tools enables targeted interventions that can significantly impact surgical outcomes. Objective: To analyze the correlation between preoperative nutritional parameters and the incidence of postoperative complications in patients undergoing major oncologic surgeries, identifying the most effective assessment tools and nutritional intervention strategies. Method: Narrative literature review using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases, covering studies published between 2010 and 2025. Studies evaluating validated preoperative nutritional parameters and their correlation with postoperative outcomes in oncologic surgery were included. Results: The studies demonstrate a significant correlation between preoperative malnutrition and increased infectious complications (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.51–3.90), prolonged hospital stay (mean difference: +3.2 days), and postoperative mortality. A Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) < 50 and serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL emerged as independent predictors of severe complications. The implementation of preoperative immunonutrition programs showed an 18% reduction in hospital length of stay, a 33% decrease in complications, and an estimated annual cost saving of $7.8 million in healthcare systems. Conclusion: There is a robust correlation between preoperative nutritional parameters and surgical outcomes in oncology. Systematic nutritional assessment and early intervention are essential for optimizing surgical results.