Integrating climate scenarios, land use projections, and flood modelling into water-sensitive planning framework in Kota Tinggi, Johor: addressing climate uncertainties

With climate change presenting a growing threat to vulnerable regions, proactive and adaptive planning strategies are essential to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events, such as floods. This study focuses on integrating the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) climate projection scenarios into water-sensitive planning (WSP) for flood adaptation in Kota Tinggi, Johor, Malaysia. The objective is to develop a comprehensive framework incorporating future climate projections to inform effective flood management strategies. The research utilises a combination of future climate and land use scenarios in hydrological modelling to assess the potential flood risks and identify suitable adaptation measures. The findings highlight the importance of considering climate change scenarios and the need for flexible and adaptive strategies to address evolving flood patterns. The proposed framework offers a clearer understanding of the potential impacts of climate change on flood risk in the study area. It offers practical recommendations for integrating these findings into WSP processes. This research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on climate change adaptation and enhances the resilience of communities and ecosystems in flood-prone regions.