Prostate Biopsy: Is it Still Relevant Today?

Prostate biopsy is considered the gold standard in diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa). However, the field of PCa diagnostics has evolved significantly, with advancements in imaging, biomarker detection and artificial intelligence raising the question of whether a biopsy-free diagnosis is possible. The challenge lies in achieving high sensitivity and specificity without missing clinically significant PCa. Multiple different approaches have been investigated ranging from radiological, urine-based and seminal fluid-based to blood-based. In this review article, we will describe the currently available modalities and various prospects.