A Comparative Study of the Ethical Values of the Confucian School and the Socratic School

作为东西方伦理思想的重要源头，儒家学派和苏格拉底学派在建构道德哲学的道路上所表现出来的文化特质是非常具有研究价值的。儒家以血缘亲情为伦理根基，构建了情感驱动的道德体系，强调礼仪规范的情境性实践与差序化道德判断；苏格拉底学派则以理性主义为核心，主张通过知识的明辨实现美德，追求具有普遍性的道德原则与逻辑化的伦理推理。两者不仅形成了跨文明的对话张力，而且共同指向了对人类道德本质的终极关怀。本文通过比较分析二者的伦理特质，揭示其在不同历史语境中的价值取向，为当代道德哲学的发展提供跨文化的思想资源。As significant sources of Eastern and Western ethical thought, the Confucian school and the Socratic school exhibit cultural characteristics of great research value in their construction of moral philosophy. The Confucian school takes blood ties and family affection as the ethical foundation, building an emotion-driven moral system that emphasizes the situational practice of ritual norms and hierarchical moral judgments. The Socratic school, on the other hand, centers on rationalism, advocating the attainment of virtue through the discernment of knowledge and pursuing universal moral principles and logical ethical reasoning. Not only do they form a cross-cultural dialogue tension, but they also jointly point to the ultimate concern for the essence of human morality. This paper, through a comparative analysis of their ethical traits, reveals their value orientations in different historical contexts, providing cross-cultural intellectual resources for the development of contemporary moral philosophy.