Improving Methods of Exogenous Prophylaxis of Permanent Teeth in Children of Specialized Special Schools

Objective: to improve methods of early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of caries of permanent teeth in mentally retarded children attending special schools. Methods: During the study, general clinical, laboratory, biochemical, functional, instrumental and statistical methods were used. The object of the study was 220 pupils attending special boarding schools No. 62 and 63 of Samarkand city and Akdarya district, respectively, from 2018 to 2021. Results: The prevalence of dental caries in mentally retarded children studying in specialized schools depends on their level of socialization, nutrition and the presence of Down syndrome. The risk group includes socialized children without Down syndrome: the caries intensity index was 3.8 4.9; 5.8, and the prevalence is 42.0, 76.0 and 85.0% in children 8, 10 and 12 years old, respectively. The prevalence of caries in children with Down syndrome was lower - 33.0, 64.0 and 72.0% in children 8, 10 and 12 years old, respectively. Conclusions: According to the results of applying a special preventive algorithm, the number of cariogenic microorganisms on the teeth slightly decreased from the initial values. Thus, the most optimal treatment regimen with a high therapeutic effect in mentally retarded patients has been identified, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of treatment and reduce its time.