Endoscopic discectomy for L4–L5 disc herniation: percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy vs. unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy

PETD is associated with less blood loss and shorter operation time, making it the preferred choice for intervertebral foramen-type herniations. UBED, with its shorter fluoroscopic time and reduced puncture difficulty, is more suitable for migration-type herniations. Both techniques are effective for treating central, axillary, and shoulder-type disc herniations. With proper patient selection, both PETD and UBED are safe and effective for L4-L5 disc herniation.