Organisational agility as an HR competitive advantage in the age of AI: A systematic literature review with insights from ChatGPT

Organisational agility has become a critical strategic capability in a rapidly changing technological world, particularly with regard to Artificial Intelligence (AI). In this systematic literature review, we explore how Human Resource Management (HRM) can use organisational agility as a competitive advantage amid AI. Our review is based on 60 peer-reviewed articles that span publications between 2023 and 2025, identifying the key drivers, enablers, and barriers of organisational agility within HR functions. We focused on how agile HR practices that included reskilling talent, adaptive leaders, digital HR tools, and data-driven decision-making enable the organisation's ability to respond to disruption, foster innovation, and employee engagement. We also noted and discussed how increasingly used AI tools (like ChatGPT) help facilitate agile communication, learning, and performance management. Our review found that organisational agility is a comprehensive capability involving cultural, technological, and strategic facets, not simply a structure alteration. Accordingly, we contribute to theory by developing a conceptual framework that links agile HR factors to sustained competitive advantage in an AI world. We further provide implications for Human Resource practitioners, as well as future research.