Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Characteristics Treatment Outcomes and Risk Factors in Appendicitis and Colitis

Background: Appendicitis and colitis are common gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders with distinct etiologies and management approaches. This retrospective study compared clinical profiles, treatment modalities, and risk factors for adverse outcomes between appendicitis and colitis. Methods: Data from 1,000 patients (800 appendicitis, 200 colitis) treated at a tertiary center (2021–2023) were analyzed. Demographics, symptoms, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were compared. Univariate/multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for complications (appendicitis) and severe flares (colitis). Results: Appendicitis patients were younger (median age 32 vs. 45 years, p<0.001), with higher rates of acute abdominal pain (98% vs. 75%, p<0.001). Colitis patients more frequently had chronic diarrhea (82% vs. 15%, p<0.001) and weight loss (65% vs. 20%, p<0.001). Laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 78% of appendicitis cases (complication rate 10.2%), while 60% of colitis patients received biologic therapy (response rate 68%). Multivariate analysis showed perforated appendicitis (OR=3.5, 95%CI:2.3–5.2, p<0.001) and corticosteroid resistance (OR=2.8, 95%CI:1.7–4.5, p=0.002) as independent risk factors for poor outcomes. Conclusion: Appendicitis and colitis exhibit distinct clinical and therapeutic profiles. Early surgical intervention for complicated appendicitis and targeted biologic therapy for refractory colitis improve outcomes.