Retrospective Analysis of Clinical Characteristics, Treatment Outcomes and Risk Factors in Appendicitis and Typhlitis

Background: Appendicitis and typhlitis are distinct gastrointestinal inflammatory conditions with overlapping symptoms, posing diagnostic challenges. This retrospective study compared their clinical features, treatments, and outcomes, and identified associated risk factors. Methods: Data from 800 appendicitis and 200 typhlitis patients treated at a tertiary hospital (2021–2023) were analyzed. Demographics, symptoms, lab results, treatments, and outcomes were examined. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions determined risk factors. Results: Appendicitis patients were younger (median 32 years) than typhlitis patients (median 45 years). Abdominal pain was common in both (98% vs. 92%), but typhlitis patients more often had fever (88% vs. 65%) and diarrhea (75% vs. 12%). Laparoscopic appendectomy was done in 78% of appendicitis cases (10.2% complication rate), while 70% of typhlitis patients received conservative treatment (18% mortality). Multivariate analysis showed perforated appendicitis (OR = 3.2, 95% CI: 2.1–4.8, p < 0.001) and severe neutropenia (OR = 4.1, 95% CI: 2.5–6.8, p < 0.001) were key risk factors for adverse outcomes in each group. Conclusion: Appendicitis and typhlitis have distinct profiles. Early diagnosis and targeted treatment based on risk factors improve outcomes. Clinicians should distinguish between them to optimize management.