Clinicopathological Features and Prognostic Factors in Colorectal Cancer

Background: Colorectal Cancer (CRC) remains a major global health burden. This retrospective study aimed to analyze clinicopathological features, treatment outcomes, and prognostic factors in CRC patients. Methods: Data from 480 CRC patients treated at a tertiary center (2021–2023) were retrospectively analyzed. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival data were evaluated. Survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were identified via Cox regression. Results: The median age was 62 years (IQR: 55–70), with 58% male patients. Right-sided CRC (42%) showed more advanced stages (III/IV: 65%) compared to left-sided (52%, p=0.023). Surgical resection improved overall survival (OS) vs. non-surgical treatment (median OS: 62 vs. 28 months, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified tumor stage (HR=3.89, 95% CI: 2.71–5.61, p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (HR=2.17, 95% CI: 1.45–3.24, p=0.001), and KRAS mutation (HR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.12–2.52, p=0.013) as independent risk factors. Conclusion: Right-sided CRC exhibits more aggressive features. Surgical resection and molecular profiling (e.g., KRAS) are critical for prognosis. These findings inform personalized CRC management.