Retrospective Analysis of Etiology Treatment Outcomes and Risk Factors in Intestinal Obstruction

Background: Intestinal Obstruction (IO) remains a critical gastrointestinal emergency with diverse etiologies. This study analyzed clinical characteristics, treatment outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in IO patients. Methods: Data from 500 IO patients (2021–2024) were retrospectively reviewed. Etiologies, treatment modalities (surgical/non-surgical), and outcomes were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression identified risk factors for mortality. Results: Adhesive obstruction (45%) and malignancy (32%) were the most common etiologies. Surgical intervention was performed in 68% (340/500), with higher success rates in adhesive vs. malignant obstruction (82% vs. 55%, p<0.001). Overall mortality was 9% (45/500). Independent risk factors for mortality included age ≥65 years (OR=2.8, 95%CI:1.5–5.2, p=0.003), malignant etiology (OR=3.5, 95%CI:1.9–6.4, p<0.001), and delayed surgery (>48 hours, OR=2.1, 95%CI:1.2–3.7, p=0.012). Conclusion: Malignancy and advanced age are key risk factors for IO mortality. Timely surgery improves outcomes in adhesive obstruction, while multidisciplinary care is critical for malignant IO.