Geomorphic hazards and riverine dynamics in the deltaic region of Eastern India

This research explores geomorphic hazards within the deltaic landscape of West Bengal, focusing specifically on the moribund deltaic region of Nadia district, encompassing the Hugli and Bhagirathi–Jalangi floodplains. Employing remote sensing and GIS methodologies, alongside satellite imagery and Survey of India toposheets, the study examines critical hazards such as oxbow lake degradation, channel siltation, river shifting, and bank erosion across a 45-years span (1972–2017). The results indicate a 15% escalation in bank erosion rates, primarily driven by anthropogenic pressures like agricultural expansion, deforestation, sand mining, and riverbank alterations, leading to an overall channel widening of 8.7%. Additionally, siltation in significant river segments has decreased flow capacity by 12%, amplifying the risk of flooding. Human-induced transformations were quantified through land use/land cover assessments and historical population data, corroborated by field surveys. Integrating remote sensing, GIS analysis, and field observations, the study proposes a methodological framework adaptable to other riverine systems worldwide. The findings highlight the urgency for consistent monitoring and the adoption of sustainable management practices to mitigate geomorphic risks, enhance water resource governance, and formulate adaptive strategies addressing the impacts of climate change and human interventions on deltaic ecosystems.