A sustainable dust suppressant derived from agricultural straw: Mechanisms, performance, and environmental impacts

• A plant-based composite dust suppressant was developed from agricultural straw. • FTIR confirmed SAP as the key component ensuring adhesion and water retention. • XRD and EDS identified SiO₂ and NaCl as key factors in moisture retention and adhesion. • TGA showed stability below 180°C and nearly complete degradation at 800°C. • SEM and optical microscopy revealed improved soil adhesion and erosion resistance. With the growing emphasis on environmental awareness, research on dust suppressants has gained increasing attention. This study investigates the dust suppression mechanism of a novel plant-derived eco-friendly composite suppressant, highlighting its high efficiency and sustainability. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified the superabsorbent polymer (SAP) as a key component, with hydroxyl groups (OH⁻ at 3429.21 cm⁻¹) enhancing moisture retention and adhesion properties. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) revealed that the suppressant primarily contains carbon (49.84 wt%) and oxygen (38.84 wt%), with minor elements such as silicon (1.51 wt%) and calcium (1.10 wt%) contributing to improved adhesion and soil stability. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the presence of amorphous SiO₂ and crystalline NaCl, which enhanced the hygroscopic properties of the suppressant. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed good thermal stability below 180°C and biodegradability at 800°C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images demonstrated that the suppressant forms a thin film and fibrous connections on dust particle surfaces, enhancing interparticle cohesion. Optical microscopy (OM) results showed that the water retention capability of the suppressant is 63 times greater than that of water alone, significantly improving dust suppression efficiency. Compared to traditional chemical dust suppressants, the composite material exhibits higher efficiency and better environmental compatibility. This study promotes sustainable resource utilization and provides new insights into the development of green dust suppression technologies.