Unraveling the Complexity of Gastric Cancer through TCGA Subtypes

Gastric cancer remains a significant global health burden, characterized by high heterogeneity. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has been pivotal in classifying gastric cancer into distinct molecular subtypes, providing profound insights into its pathogenesis, prognosis, and potential therapeutic strategies. This review comprehensively explores the four TCGA - defined subtypes of gastric cancer: Epstein - Barr Virus (EBV) - positive, Microsatellite unstable (MSI), Genomically Stable (GS), and Chromosomally Unstable (CIN). By dissecting the unique molecular, genetic, and clinical features of each subtype, we aim to elucidate how this classification can enhance our understanding of gastric cancer and drive the development of more personalized treatment approaches.