Advanced Perspectives on Ergonomic Risk Assessment: From Classical Techniques to Intelligent Systems

This article critically reviews the evolution of ergonomic risk assessment methods, examining traditional evaluation techniques alongside recent innovations such as markerless motion capture systems and digital twin integration. It also explores the nature of ergonomic risks in modern industrial environments and highlights best practices and future directions for effective workplace design. The purpose is to offer a pragmatic and forward-looking framework adaptable to Industry 4.0 needs.