Saffron and <i>Melissa officinalis</i> (Lemon Balm) on Glycemic Markers

Background: Metabolic control is a major concern for the prevention of metabolic disorders. Saffron and Melissa officinalis are natural sources of antioxidants that can reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. This study aimed to identify and highlight the effects of saffron and Melissa officinalis on glycemic markers. Methods: Four research sources were examined in randomized controlled trials on the effects of saffron and Melissa officinalis on glycemic markers. Several studies have explored the effects of saffron and Melissa officinalis (lemon balm) on glycemic markers and their antidiabetic properties. Some studies have shown positive effects, such as decreased serum levels of FPG in patients with type 2 diabetes. Other studies have shown significant reductions in triglyceride and glycated hemoglobin levels, but no significant difference in glycemic control. Studies have also investigated the effects of saffron with concurrent training, resistance training, aerobic training, or both. Conclusion: Research shows that saffron and Melissa officinalis L significantly affect glycemic markers, including FPG, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and insulin resistance, providing valuable insights for patients with diabetes. Future research should explore the effects of saffron and Melissa officinalis L on glycemic markers, involving in vitro and in vivo studies and larger randomized controlled trials.