Burgeoning Strategies for Cancer Therapy Based on Ferroptosis Induced by Nanomaterials

Abstract Ferroptosis, a form of programmed cell death driven by iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a potent therapeutic avenue against cancer. Recent advances in nanomaterial engineering have enabled precise spatiotemporal control over ferroptosis execution through iron homeostasis perturbation (via iron‐based nanocatalysts and nonferrous mimics), antioxidant defense dismantling (targeting GPX4 and GSH depletion), and lipid peroxidation circuitry engineering (leveraging bioinspired PUFA carriers and single‐atom catalysts). Multimodal synergy is further achieved through endogenous crosstalk amplifiers (e.g., metabolic‐immune nanoregulators), exogenous energy‐coupled nanoreactors (e.g., photothermal‐Fenton hybrids), and biohybrid therapeutic paradigms (e.g., engineered bacteria‐nanoparticle consortia and ferroptosis‐powered nano‐vaccines). Looking forward, next‐generation biohybrid nanosystems and material‐centric clinical translation challenges, including scalable nanomanufacturing, immune‐compatible nano‐bio interfaces, and regulatory roadmap establishment are critically discussed. This review aims to bridge fundamental mechanistic insights with translational nanotechnology, ultimately advancing clinically viable ferroptosis nanomedicine for personalized oncology.