Single-Center Clinical Analysis of 6 Cases with Multiple Myeloma and Myelomatous Pleural Effusion

目的：探讨多发性骨髓瘤(MM)合并骨髓瘤性胸腔积液(MPE)患者的临床特点及预后。方法：选取2018年10月至2023年10月安医大第二附属医院收治的6例MM合并MPE患者，对其临床资料、实验室检查结果及预后进行回顾性分析。结果：所有病例均通过流式细胞术(FCM)或胸腔积液细胞学确诊，其中IgG型4例，IgD型及轻链型各1例。患者中位年龄64.5岁(52~71岁)，男女比为1:1。随访结果显示5例患者死亡，1例失访。结论：MM合并MPE临床罕见，患者预后较差。积液细胞形态学和流式细胞术(FCM)免疫表型检查是诊断MPE的主要依据。Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) complicated by myelomatous pleural effusion (MPE). Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 6 MM patients with MPE admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University between October 2018 and October 2023. Clinical data, laboratory findings, and outcomes were reviewed. Results: All cases were confirmed by flow cytometry (FCM) or cytological examination of pleural effusion, including 4 IgG-type, 1 IgD-type, and 1 light-chain-type cases. The median age was 64.5 years (range: 52~71), with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1. Follow-up revealed 5 deaths and 1 lost case. Conclusion: MM with MPE is clinically rare and associated with poor prognosis. Cytomorphology and FCM immunophenotyping are key diagnostic tools for MPE.