Dietary Prevention and Molecular Mechanisms of Calcium Oxalate Kidney Stones

肾结石作为一种全球性常见泌尿系统疾病，发病率在中国呈现逐年上升趋势，且复发率高，反复发作会对肾功能造成持续性损害。本文深入探讨了肾结石的形成因素及预防策略。流行病学证据表明，液体摄入不足、高动物蛋白饮食、膳食钙失衡等是主要风险因素，而限制草酸盐、补充柠檬酸盐等干预措施可显著降低复发风险。此外，研究进展显示，FKBP5缺乏、抑制铁死亡以及抑制雄激素及其受体可能对预防草酸钙结石的形成具有积极作用。未来研究需进一步开展临床试验，验证这些预防策略和新思路的有效性，以期通过个体化治疗方案减少肾结石复发，改善患者预后。Kidney stones are a common urinary system disease worldwide, with an increasing incidence in China. The high recurrence rate of kidney stones can cause sustained damage to kidney function. This paper systematically reviews the formation factors and prevention strategies for kidney calculi. Based on epidemiological evidence, dietary calcium imbalance, high animal protein diets, and insufficient fluid intake are important risk factors, however recurrence risk is considerably decreased through therapies such citrate supplementation and oxalate restriction. Emerging research highlights novel therapeutic targets including FKBP5 deficiency modulation, ferroptosis suppression, and inhibition of androgen signaling pathways, which demonstrate potential in preventing calcium oxalate stone formation. Future studies should conduct further clinical trials to validate the effectiveness of these prevention strategies and innovative approaches, aiming to reduce kidney calculi recurrence and improve patient outcomes through individualized treatment.