Chemical profile of <i>Senna italica</i> and <i>Senna velutina</i> seed and their pharmacological properties

Abstract The pharmacological properties of Senna italica and Senna velutina are well-established; however, no comparative study has been performed between methanol S. italica seed extract (MSISE) and methanol S. velutina seed extract (MSVSE) for their antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties. The aim of the present study is to investigate the bioactive components and biological activities of MSISE and MSVSE. The antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial properties were investigated. In comparison to the MSVSE, the MSISE had a higher total phenolic content and total flavonoid content. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl technique showed higher antioxidant activity at high doses of MSISE than MSVSE with a half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) value of 113.41 and 162.42 μg/mL, respectively. The MSISE exhibits higher anticancer activity and potential anticancer effects at lower concentrations against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and HepG2 cells than MSVSE. The MSISE IC₅₀ for MCF-7 and HepG2 were 146.12 and 95.82 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the MSVSE IC 50 were 141.95 and 196.12 μg/mL, respectively. The MSISE demonstrated a higher antibacterial efficacy, with 7.81–31.25 μg/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), compared to 15.62–62.5 μg/mL MIC for the MSVS. These findings suggest that MSISE could have a potential impact on cancer and bacterial infection treatment; thus, further in vivo and clinical research is essential.