A Maturity Model Approach to Evaluating Sustainable Supply Chains of Organic Agricultural Cooperatives Amid the Transition to Industry 5.0 in Rural Vietnam

The transition toward Industry 5.0 has necessitated a deeper understanding of sustainable supply chain development, particularly within organic agricultural cooperatives operating in rural environments.In this context, a comprehensive assessment was conducted to examine the determinants influencing sustainable supply chains and to evaluate their maturity within organic agricultural cooperatives in Vietnam's rural regions.A sample of 250 cooperatives was selected for analysis.The data were processed through a two-stage methodology: initially employing an ordinal logistic regression (OLR) model to identify key influencing factors, followed by the application of a sustainable supply chain maturity model to assess the developmental stage of these cooperatives.The results revealed that the average maturity level of sustainable supply chains among the surveyed cooperatives approached Level 3, suggesting a moderate stage of development with partial integration of sustainability practices.Among the evaluated dimensions, quality issues (mean score: 3.53), customer and marketing management (3.22), and supplier management (3.05) were found to exert the most substantial influence on supply chain sustainability.Furthermore, policy implications were proposed to support cooperative development.The study contributes to the existing literature by offering an empirically grounded maturity model framework tailored to the unique dynamics of rural organic agriculture and by advancing the discourse on sustainable supply chain management in emerging economies undergoing industrial transformation.