Use of neuroheadsets for diagnostics of diseases

The article highlights modern approaches to the use of neuroheadsets in the diagnosis of psychoneurological diseases, including depression, anxiety disorders, epilepsy, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The main focus is on the registration and analysis of electroencephalographic signals, which provide a non-invasive assessment of the functional state of the brain. The significance of rhythmic activity of various frequency ranges — in particular, alpha, beta, theta, and delta waves — as markers of certain disorders is revealed. It is shown that depression typically exhibits a decrease in alpha activity in the left frontal cortex, and anxiety disorders typically exhibit an increase in high-frequency beta activity. Changes in the spectral composition of signals in epilepsy are analyzed, in particular, focal disturbances and paroxysmal complexes, which can be recorded using neuroheadsets in clinical or home conditions. The article also provides information on the reduction of coherence and variability of EEG signals in Alzheimer's disease and changes in electrical activity in patients with Parkinson's disease. Considerable attention is paid to the possibility of using neurofeedback technologies within the framework of cognitive and everyday rehabilitation, which are based on the patient's active control of their own electrophysiological reactions. The practical feasibility of using neuroheadsets for the initial screening of the patient's condition, monitoring the dynamics of treatment and assessing the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic and pharmacological approaches is emphasized. As a result, it is concluded that neuroheadsets open up new opportunities for rapid, safe and economically accessible diagnostics of nervous system disorders in a wide range of patients of different ages.