Ultrasonic Analysis of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)–Epoxy–Ethanol Mixtures: Impact of Temperature and Concentration

This research investigates the ultrasonic and thermoacoustic properties of ternary mixes of polyethylene glycol (PEG), epoxy resin, and ethanol across diverse compositions and temperatures ranging from 25 ∘ C to 55 ∘ C at a frequency of 4[Formula: see text]MHz. Essential acoustic parameters — ultrasonic velocity, adiabatic compressibility, acoustic impedance, intermolecular free length, relaxation time, and Gibbs free energy — were assessed to comprehend molecular interactions and structural dynamics. The 10:10:80 PEG–epoxy–ethanol compositions had the most stable thermoacoustic profile, reflecting an ideal equilibrium of hydrogen bonding and molecular cohesion. Increased temperatures diminished these interactions, resulting in heightened compressibility and extended free length. These findings illustrate the efficacy of ultrasonic techniques in investigating the physicochemical behavior of intricate mixtures and provide methods for modifying material characteristics in applications such as biomedical adhesives, thermos-responsive coatings, and polymer dispersions.