Binge-type eating disorders and ultra-processed food addiction: phenomenology, pathophysiology and treatment implications

These findings suggest that treatment outcomes for binge-type EDs characterized by LCBE might improve if harm reduction and/or abstinence protocols for recovery from UPFA were applied. A level of support high enough for a severe addiction could improve treatment outcomes for these often recurrent and treatment refractory disorders. Possible rationales for current treatment exclusion or marked reduction of UPF abstinence protocols are offered.