Green Graphene Reinforcement to Enhance Mechanical and Wear Performance of Styrene–Butadiene Rubber‐Based Composites

ABSTRACT Here, we investigate the transformative potential of incorporating Green Graphene (GG) derived from remnant agricultural biomass (RAB) into styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) formulations for the development of sustainable additives for tires. GG serves as a sustainable reinforcement material, exhibiting the capability to improve the mechanical, wear, and thermal degradation properties of SBR. The incorporation of GG into the SBR matrix results in astonishing improvements: resilience by 440.44%, toughness by 326.91%, tensile strength by 253.15%, yield strength by 313.33%, Young's modulus by 205.90%, elongation by 138.84%, and hardness by 148%. Furthermore, it leads to a decrease in nanoscratch depth, a 52.68% reduction in the coefficient of friction during sliding wear, a 22.38% improvement in hydrophobicity, and a 27% enhancement in thermal stability of the GG/SBR composites. These compelling performance enhancements of GG/SBR composites aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic effects of GG and SBR rubber—shedding light on their combined potential. The outcomes from this investigation contribute valuable insights into the development of environmentally conscious green materials, writing the path for the evolution of the industry toward a greener and resilient future.