The Cross-Border Application Dilemma and Synergistic Optimization Path of FRAND Principles for Standard Essential Patents in Global Technology Trade

在全球技术贸易蓬勃发展的背景下，跨境企业围绕标准必要专利(Standard Essential Patents, SEP)许可谈判中的FRAND (公平、合理、无歧视)原则产生诸多争议，严重影响技术跨境传播与企业国际竞争力。本文通过深入剖析FRAND原则在跨境贸易中的程序与实体争议，聚焦许可费确定、善意协商及纠纷解决等跨境难题，通过对比不同司法辖区的实践差异，提出构建跨境多元纠纷解决机制、细化FRAND规则及保护跨境中小企业的针对性策略，旨在为跨境企业突破困境提供理论与实践指引，促进全球技术贸易的公平有序发展。Against the backdrop of the vigorous development of global technology trade, cross-border enterprises have encountered numerous disputes over the FRAND (Fair, Reasonable, and Non-Discriminatory) principle in the licensing negotiations of standard-essential patents (SEPs), which has seriously affected the cross-border dissemination of technology and the international competitiveness of enterprises. This paper delves deeply into the procedural and substantive disputes of the FRAND principle in cross-border trade, focusing on cross-border challenges such as the determination of licensing fees, good faith negotiations, and dispute resolution. By comparing the practical differences in various judicial jurisdictions, it proposes targeted strategies such as building a cross-border multi-dispute resolution mechanism, refining FRAND rules, and protecting cross-border small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim is to provide theoretical and practical guidance for cross-border enterprises to break through the predicament and promote the fair and orderly development of global technology trade.