Nutrient solutions and irrigation frequency using ebb and flow subsurface system for cut flower roses cultivated in greenhouse

Abstract The ebb and flow subsurface irrigation system is presented as a technique capable of optimizing hydroponic rose production in greenhouses. We compared plant development, foliar nutrient accumulation, flower production and quality, and the occurrence of phytophagous arthropods and natural enemies in three varieties of roses subjected to three daily irrigation frequencies and three nutrient solutions. There were no significant differences due to irrigation frequency, with only one cycle every 24 hours being sufficient. Solutions 1 and 3 were able to produce flowers meeting commercial quality standards, with solution 1 - tipically used for fruit vegetables - being the most suitable overall for maintaining plant nutritional health, enhancing production, and managing populations of both undesirable and beneficial arthropods. Its formulation appears to be approached an ideal condition, yet it could still be improved regarding the concentration of some nutrients.