Reconsidering Determinants of Title IX Compliance: Introducing Admission Factors Disaggregated by Gender and Female Athletic Expenditures

This cross-sectional study combines data from the Equity in Athletics Disclosure website and the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) to analyze the factors associated with Title IX compliance in respect to the proportional representation of women in college athletics in the academic years of 2002–2003, 2012–2013, and 2022–2023 across NCAA divisions. It introduces admission and athletic funding measures as potential levers to achieving compliance. The analysis finds highly significant correlations between the percentage of female applicants and noncompliance as well as a strong association between offering a male admission advantage and lower noncompliance rates.