Eco-friendly Synthesis of TiO₂ Nanoparticles from Azadirachta indica and Psidium guajava Leaves for Antibacterial and Dye Degradation Applications

This research explores an eco-friendly approach to synthesizing titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extracts from Azadirachta indica (neem) and Psidium guajava (guava). This method presents a green alternative to conventional chemical synthesis. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL, FESEM, and EDAX techniques. The XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline structure of the synthesized nanoparticles, while FTIR analysis revealed the presence of active biomolecules involved in the reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. UV-Vis and PL analyses revealed the optical properties, and FESEM images showed well-defined spherical structures. EDAX confirmed the elemental purity with minimal impurities. The nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under UV irradiation and demonstrated potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The outcomes emphasize the potential of these green-synthesized TiO₂ NPs in wastewater treatment and antimicrobial applications.