Thermal Simulation Analysis of LFP Battery

During the charging and discharging processes of lithium-ion energy storage batteries, heat generated by electrochemical reactions accumulates gradually, leading to a sharp rise in battery temperature and uneven temperature distribution, which may pose safety risks. To improve the heat dissipation performance of energy storage lithium batteries, this study conducts simulation analyses using commercial software on an energy storage battery pack composed of 24 vertically arranged 86Ah LFP battery pack. The effects of natural convection and forced air cooling with different air duct designs under 1C charging conditions are investigated. Simulations reveal that under natural convection, the maximum temperature of the battery pack reaches approximately $61.5^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. When forced air cooling with a horizontal air duct is applied, the maximum temperature decreases to $58.2^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$, while using a vertical air duct further reduces it to $55.6^{\circ} \mathrm{C}$. The results indicate that forced air cooling with optimized air duct designs significantly suppresses temperature rise for battery packs with varying cell arrangements. Adopting a rational heat dissipation structure can effectively enhance the thermal performance of energy storage lithium batteries, mitigating risks caused by excessive temperatures.