Low-Carbon Economic Dispatch of Hydrogen-Integrated Energy Systems with Green Certificate-Carbon Trading Synergy and Flexible Heat-to-Power Ratios

Aiming at low-carbon economic dispatch of integrated energy systems, this study proposes an optimized hydrogen-integrated energy system model combining green certificate-reward/penalty tiered carbon trading mechanisms and flexible heat-to-power ratios. Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), the carbon reduction potential of green certificates is quantified to establish a green certificate-carbon trading synergy framework, achieving “dual-drive” incentives through certificate-based carbon quota offsets and tiered carbon pricing. The integration of hydrogen storage, electrolyzers, and adjustable heat-to-power ratio cogeneration units addresses source-load constraints. Simulation results demonstrate that the synergistic mechanism reduces total costs by $17.8 \%$ and carbon emissions by $30.3 \%$, while the flexible heat-to-power ratio strategy lowers energy procurement costs and carbon emissions by $22.2 \%$ and $5.6 \%$, respectively, providing a low-carbon transition solution for high-renewable-penetration energy systems.