Modeling and Simulation of Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Peak Shaving in Islanded Power Grids Based on Wind Power and Load Fluctuations

This study constructs an islanded power grid dynamic response model based on wind power fluctuations and load demand changes, aiming to evaluate the performance of different hydrogen storage technologies in grid peak shaving applications. Through this model, the paper simulates and analyzes the peak shaving capability, response speed, stability, and energy regulation ability of gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, chemical hydrogen storage, and solid-state hydrogen storage technologies in real grid scenarios. The results indicate that different hydrogen storage technologies exhibit varying performance characteristics when facing wind power fluctuations and load demand changes. Gaseous and chemical hydrogen storage technologies show superior energy storage and rapid response capabilities during peak shaving, effectively mitigating grid load fluctuations and enhancing grid stability. Liquid hydrogen storage has advantages in energy density and economic efficiency, but its response speed is slightly slower. While solid-state hydrogen storage excels in safety, its relatively low energy conversion efficiency limits its potential for peak shaving in power grids. This study provides a theoretical basis for further optimizing the application of hydrogen storage technologies in islanded power grids and offers valuable insights for power grid scheduling decisions.