Blockchain-Secured Data Ledger and Low-Latency Cross-Departmental Sharing for the Grand Canal

This study addresses critical vulnerabilities in the Grand Canal’s centralized architecture, including hydrological data tampering (12 annual incidents) and cross-departmental sharing delays (8.2s). A consortium blockchain system incorporating dynamic voting weight adjustment based on node reputation index (${\mathcal{R}}_{i}$) in enhanced Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism with 63% consensus latency reduction, alongside automated smart contracts, reduces latency to 3s (98.7% improvement), achieves 100% tamper detection, and lowers storage costs by 64.9%. Experimental validation under GB/T 38942-2020 confirms scalability and compliance with IEEE 2140-2021 standards.