Energy-Efficient Clustered Data Dissemination Based Routing in D2D Collaborative Vehicular Networks

VANETs are crucial for intelligent transportation systems, allowing V2V and V2I communication. A study introduces the ECDDR model using D2D for efficient data distribution and transmission in VANETs. The model optimizes shared uplink resources between mobile and vehicle user devices in a single-cell setup, focusing on large-scale fading for multi-hop ad-hoc routing. To enhance information dissemination, energy-efficient vehicle clustering is applied, with buses as Cluster Heads (CH) for improved resource utilization in urban settings. Experiments show the ECDDR model outperforms existing methods in data delivery ratio, network throughput, and energy efficiency while reducing routing cost and energy consumption. The model integrates D2D communication, multi-hop routing, and strategic clustering to boost reliability and efficiency in VANET operations, supporting smart city initiatives and autonomous vehicle technologies.