Optimized Comparative Review of Adaptive Body Biasing MTCMOS Full Adders with Other Full Adder Designs for IoT-Based Sustainable Computing

As the usage of IoT technologies grows, low power consumption without compromising performance is critical with the increasing use of energy-efficient arithmetic units. Full adders being the fundamental blocks in embedded systems have a direct influence on overall efficiency. The following paper gives a comparative analysis of different full adder implementations with a focus on an Adaptive Body Biasing Multi-Threshold CMOS (ABB-MTCMOS) technique. Through dynamic adjustment of transistor threshold voltages, ABB-MTCMOS greatly minimizes leakage power and improves speed—suitable for IoT edge devices. Implemented on 90nm CMOS in Cadence Virtuoso, the proposed adder realizes a 40.78% reduction in power consumption and 39.66% reduction in delay compared to the average of traditional designs such as CMOS, PTL, TGL, and Pseudo-NMOS. These findings make ABB-MTCMOS an extremely efficient and scalable green electronics solution for smart cities, environmental monitoring, and other sustainable IoT applications.