Integrating Offshore Wind into China’s Optimal Pathway for Carbon-neutral Power Expansion

Offshore wind, driven by abundant resources and decreasing costs, is emerging as a pivotal technology for advancing the global green energy transition. As of 2023, China holds the largest offshore wind installation capacity and has committed to accelerating its offshore wind deployment. This study investigates the integration of offshore wind into China’s power system by 2060 under various exploitation caps. The results indicate that offshore wind could supply up to $35.4 \%$ of the national electricity demand by 2060, positioning it as a costeffective solution for meeting future energy needs. The study also highlights the competition between offshore and onshore wind, with offshore wind gradually displacing onshore installations as its capacity expands. Additionally, offshore wind significantly enhances electricity self-sufficiency, particularly in the East and South regions, reducing electricity imports. These findings underscore the crucial role of offshore wind in China’s future energy system and its potential to drive substantial change in the national power landscape.