Optimized VLSI Architecture of Integrated Bi-Phase Space Encoding with Manchester Encoding Protocol for Lo-RA Applications

Low-power and long-range communication systems are critical for modern applications such as loT, sensor networks, and remote monitoring. This study proposes an optimized VLSI architecture integrating Bi-Phase Space Encoding and Manchester Encoding protocols for low-power, long-range communication (Lo-RA) applications. The architecture achieves significant improvements in power efficiency, signal integrity, and throughput by employing advanced techniques such as dynamic voltage scaling, clock gating, and error correction mechanisms. The system's performance was evaluated across multiple parameters. The total power consumption was reduced by 21.43%, with jitter and clock skew improvements of 62.5% and 50%, respectively. Throughput increased by up to 33.33% for Bi-Phase Encoding and 32.86% for Manchester Encoding, ensuring reliable and efficient data transmission at clock frequencies up to 50 MHz. The system's bit error rate (BER) was reduced by up to 5x with error correction, achieving nearly error-free communication at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). The final architecture achieves an accuracy of 96.8% in maintaining data integrity across varying environmental conditions. These results demonstrate the robustness of the proposed design, making it suitable for Lo-RA applications such as loT, sensor networks, and remote monitoring. The integration of Bi-Phase and Manchester Encoding ensures seamless compatibility with existing communication standards while meeting the stringent requirements for low power and long-range communication.