Biofertilizers as a potential tool towards sustainable agriculture

Chemical fertilizers are extensively used in agriculture to increase crop production; however, this practice can lead to environmental damage. Biofertilizers stand out as a more sustainable alternative to the process. To better understand how biofertilizers promote plant growth, we conducted a review using a bibliometric research approach, where various mechanisms of action of biofertilizers were identified, primarily those arising from the activity of live microorganisms in the soil. Microorganisms contribute to plant development by nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, and exudate production. These mechanisms can directly impact plant growth or indirectly alleviate abiotic stress or promote disease biocontrol in crops. Furthermore, the literature highlights that the disposition of digested biomass in the soil can enhance nutrient availability to plants. Therefore, knowledge of these mechanisms is of great importance for promoting more productive and sustainable agriculture.