Potential of Renewable Energy Resource in Middle East - Challenges and Solutions, case study of Basra (Iraq)

The global pursuit of a sustainable energy future has ignited a keen interest in harnessing renewable energy resources. These resources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, geothermal, tidal and biomass, offer a transformative solution to address critical challenges such as energy security, climate change, and resource depletion. Basra, strategically located in the Middle East, has historically been reliant on its oil sector for economic prosperity. However, as the world shifts towards sustainability, Basra’s energy landscape is required for a significant transformation. This paper reviews the immense potential of renewable energy sources in Basra. For instances, the long sunshine hours (∼9 hours per day) and rich agriculture biomass waste in Basra have suggested solar and bioenergy as the efficient alternative renewable energy source. The implementation of wind and geothermal energy, however, are restricted due to the relative low average wind speed (∼5 m/s) and limited geothermal gradient in this area. In addition, the challenges that must be overcome to achieve a sustainable energy transition is also emphasized. The successful implementations of renewable energy in regions similar to Basra, was also highlighted. Additionally, the paper discusses government policies, future prospects, and the potential impact on renewable energy development in Basra. This comprehensive analysis will interest readers in academia and government sectors, providing a holistic view of Basra’s journey towards a sustainable energy future.