Evaluation of the use of contrast agents in medical imaging

Advances in medical imaging techniques have significantly improved clinical diagnosis, and contrast agents have become essential tools in procedures such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. However, their use has been associated with significant risks, particularly contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN), which mainly affects patients with pre-existing renal or cardiovascular disease. The studies reviewed addressed the pathophysiological mechanisms of this complication, as well as the most effective prevention strategies, such as intravenous hydration and the use of agents with lower renal toxicity potential. The safety of iodinated and even gadolinium-based contrast agents was also analysed, highlighting that some compounds offered a safer profile. Despite advances, clinical controversies persisted, and the need for further research to optimise preventive management and ensure patient safety was emphasised.