Socio-Political Risk Analysis of Public Private Partnership (P3) Affordable Housing Projects in Ghana: A Case Study of Three Projects

The implementation of the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has driven numerous governmental initiatives aimed at achieving these targets. Considerable progress has been observed globally, particularly among developing nations, in the pursuit of Sustainable Cities and Communities (SDG 11) by the year 2030. However, despite these advancements, many countries, especially in the developing world, continue to face significant challenges in fully realizing this objective. In Ghana, the public-private partnership (PPP or P3) model has been adopted as an approach to facilitate successful housing projects. This study critically examines various affordable housing projects in Ghana to identify potential risk factors that may hinder the successful construction and completion of affordable housing initiatives delivered through the P3 model. The findings reveal that sociopolitical risks constitute a notable challenge to the success of affordable housing projects in Ghana employing this delivery approach. Furthermore, the study assesses the potential impacts of such risks on project outcomes. In response, this research offers practical risk management strategies and control mechanisms tailored to housing projects in Ghana under the P3 framework. The insights gained from this study serve as a valuable resource for government entities, real estate investors, and residential construction firms, guiding project planning and implementation for all P3-driven projects within the Ghanaian context.