Advancing Ergonomic Solutions: Lessons from Lower-Body Exoskeleton Trials in Construction

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) present significant challenges in the construction industry, where workers are at high risk of lower back and other injuries. Exoskeletons (EXOs) offer a promising ergonomic solution, but their adoption in construction remains underexplored, particularly regarding user perceptions, usability, and real-time feedback. This study evaluated the experiences of 16 construction workers who used a prototype passive lower-body EXO during a three-hour trial on active worksites. Feedback was analyzed thematically, revealing critical factors influencing EXO usability, including comfort, fit, tool compatibility, performance, and durability. Participants reported benefits such as reduced lower-back strain and improved posture, but discomfort from straps, heat retention, and sizing issues posed barriers to acceptance. Limited tool accessibility and mobility constraints further highlighted the need for design modifications. Comfort and fit emerged as essential for user acceptance, requiring ergonomic adjustments to suit diverse body types and work tasks. While some discomfort was noted, it did not significantly impact performance during the trial. This study underscores the importance of incorporating user feedback into EXO design to meet the dynamic demands of construction work, contributing to advancements in ergonomic solutions for the industry.