Investigating Student Perceptions of Biophilic, Visual and Acoustic Design on High-Performing Learning Spaces

High-performing educational buildings are designed to foster optimal learning, teaching, and research environments. However, many higher education spaces still lack a fully integrated approach that combines biophilic design principles with effective acoustic solutions. This gap between envisioned performance and current reality highlights the need to understand students' perceptions of indoor conditions within high-performance buildings. This study investigates students’ perceptions of environmental quality, specifically focusing on biophilic, visual and acoustic design features in two contrasting classrooms at the Research University’s Lee Hall. Using a mixed-methods approach, objective measurements of lighting and acoustic conditions were combined with subjective survey responses to evaluate how these spaces influence students’ comfort, cognitive performance, and well-being. Findings indicate that while biophilic elements like natural light can enhance visual appeal, they also introduce issues such as glare, impacting lighting comfort. Acoustic analysis revealed that traditional enclosed classrooms provide better sound control, highlighting challenges in maintaining acoustic comfort in open, biophilic layouts. These insights can guide future design strategies prioritizing visual openness and auditory clarity, ultimately supporting academic engagement and mental well-being in educational spaces.