From Energy to Health: Role of the Ventilation Systems in Energy-Retrofitted Buildings

The transition towards zero-energy buildings by 2050 has driven retrofitting initiatives across Europe, focusing on renovating existing buildings through improving insulation, solar panel installations, window replacements, and implementation of heat pump systems. While these retrofitting strategies contribute to energy efficiency, they also introduce new challenges related to indoor air quality and occupant health, particularly in highly insulated, and airtight buildings. This paper aims to investigate the intersection of energy retrofitting of buildings and occupants' health, with a specific focus on mechanical ventilation systems. By reviewing relevant literature on health issues and energy retrofitting in buildings, building-related illness is explored. The results highlight that while enhanced insulation and airtightness improve energy efficiency, they necessitate appropriate ventilation systems and informed end-user engagement. This study emphasizes the critical role of manufacturers and installers in providing clear ventilation system manuals for end-users. This research contributes to healthy indoor environments by increasing awareness towards building-related illnesses associated with energy efficiency initiatives.