Review On Strength Properties of Graphene Incorporated Sustainable Concrete By Reducing Cement Quantity

Graphene, an allotrope of carbon with outstanding mechanical, physical, and thermal properties, is increasingly gaining recognition in scientific research. Its unique nanostructure has revolutionized cement composites by enhancing their mechanical strength, durability, and overall performance. The construction industry is actively exploring new, sustainable materials that improve the mechanical properties of concrete. Graphene-based nanomaterials like Graphene oxide (GO), Graphene Nanoplates, and Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) have gained significant attention due to their superior reinforcement capabilities. This study examines the impact of GO in cement composites incorporating supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash, silica fume, rice husk ash, and geopolymer concrete. Adding GO significantly improved early-age strength due to its nucleation effect, with optimal performance at 0.05% GO. Beyond this dosage, agglomeration reduced strength enhances dispersion. GO demonstrated reduced carbon emissions and improved workability and long-term durability while refining the microstructure through enhanced hydration reactions, proving the most sustainable and cost-efficient. Moreover, Graphene’s interaction with various mineral additives further strengthens cementitious composites, reducing permeability and increasing resistance to environmental degradation. The review highlights advancements in GO applications and their synergy with different materials, offering valuable insights for future research. Despite extensive studies on GO’s capabilities, continuous research is necessary to harness its potential fully in concrete technology. The findings of this review not only provide a comprehensive understanding of GO’s influence on cement-based composites and pave the way for further innovations in sustainable and high-performance construction materials.