Research Progress of Advance Care Planning for Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients

预立医疗照护计划能帮助具有决策能力的个体明确自己的价值观，思考严重疾病情况的意义和后果，确定未来医疗照护的目标与偏好，在一定程度上保障患者的医疗知情权和自主权，有助于提升患者的生存质量和节约社会医疗资源，这成为西方发达国家常规护理中的一部分。目前，预立医疗照护计划在国内尚处于起步阶段，针对终末期肾病并接受维持性血液透析的人群研究较少，且国内尚未将姑息治疗纳入血液透析常规治疗模式。本文系统综述对预立医疗照护计划在血液透析人群中的实践现状及影响因素进行描述与分析，并结合我国实际情况提出建议。Advance care planning can help individuals with decision-making ability to clarify their own values, think about the significance and consequences of serious disease situations, determine future medical care goals and preferences, to a certain extent, protect the patient’s medical right to know and autonomy, and help to improve the quality of life of patients and save social medical resources. This becomes part of routine care in Western developed countries. At present, advance care planning is still in its infancy in China. There are few studies on the population of end-stage renal disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis, and palliative care has not been included in the routine hemodialysis treatment model in China. This article systematically reviews the practice status and influencing factors of advance care planning in hemodialysis population, and puts forward suggestions combined with the actual situation in China.