Evaluating the Importance of Pit and Fissure Sealants in The Prevention of Dental Caries

Dental caries is a multifactorial, chronic disease that predominantly affects the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, particularly among children and adolescents. While fluoride has proven effective in preventing caries on smooth surfaces, it offers limited protection in deep pits and fissures of molars. Pit and fissure sealants, introduced as a preventive dental method, provide a physical barrier against bacterial colonization and food accumulation in these vulnerable areas. This article provides a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness, indications, materials, application techniques, cost-benefit aspects, and public health implications of sealants in pediatric caries prevention.