Multi-Source Big Data-Driven Coupling Study of Spatial Quality and Vitality in Historic Districts: A Case Study of Nanqiang District, Kunming

With the increasing demand for urban renewal and cultural heritage preservation, the spatial quality and vitality of historic districts have become key issues in urban planning. This study takes the Nanqiang Historic District in Kunming as a case study and constructs a multi-source big data-driven analytical framework to explore the coupling between spatial quality and urban vitality. Utilizing POI data, streetscape imagery, and Baidu heatmaps, the study integrates GIS spatial analysis, semantic segmentation, and kernel density estimation to assess spatial quality in terms of functional types, environmental attributes, and design features. By incorporating temporal activity patterns and population types, it further examines vitality dynamics and spatial distributions. The study reveals the interaction mechanisms between spatial quality and vitality, and proposes optimization strategies including “spatial reconfiguration,” “lifestyle empowerment,” and “cultural continuity.” The findings provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for the sustainable renewal and revitalization of historic urban spaces.