Optimizing Control and Efficiency of Two‐Phase Interleaved Buck Converter With Cuckoo Search <scp>MPPT</scp> for Solar‐Powered Battery Energy Storage Systems

ABSTRACT The increasing demand for efficient energy storage in renewable energy systems has led to advancements in Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). This study examines the charging dynamics and thermal behavior of a BESS powered by a solar‐driven two‐phase interleaved buck converter (IBC). Under full load conditions, the IBC maintained a balanced current distribution between its two inductors, each carrying an average of ~11 A, with minor fluctuations ranging from 10.2 A to 11.0 A. The converter achieved a stable output voltage of 24.372 V and delivered 21.28 A to charge a BESS configured in a 7S8P arrangement of 18 650 NMC lithium‐ion cells, totaling 24 V and 20 Ah capacity. While the interleaving technique effectively reduced ripple and ensured efficient charging, thermal monitoring revealed a significant temperature increase from 27.25°C at ambient conditions to 55.85°C by the end of the charging cycle. This highlights the necessity of improved thermal management strategies to sustain battery performance and longevity. Future work should focus on refining control algorithms for current balancing, optimizing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, and enhancing thermal dissipation methods to ensure safe and efficient BESS operation in solar applications.