A circular economy framework for reducing construction waste during the design process in Egyptian architectural design firms

Purpose Construction waste drivers, amplified by the linear economy model, contribute significantly to resource consumption and waste generation across various phases of the construction process. Recognizing the critical influence of the design process on these outcomes, this study aims to develop a framework integrating circular economy to reduce construction waste and promote sustainable practices during the design process within architectural design firms in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative and quantitative research approach was used to accomplish four objectives. A comprehensive literature review explored the concepts of construction waste, the design process, the circular economy and Egypt’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030. Case studies examined the effectiveness of circular design strategies in reducing construction waste and the consequences of their absence. An online survey questionnaire gathered insights from Egyptian architectural design firms on circular economy perception and the applicability of circular design strategies during the design process. The findings informed the development of a practical framework to reduce construction waste and promote sustainable practices during the design process. Findings The research identified key construction waste drivers, their sources and impacts. In addition, it explored circular design strategies and the challenges of their implementation during the design process. The research highlighted those projects adopting circular design strategies effectively reduced construction waste, whereas those without such strategies observed increased waste. The primary construction waste driver was the insufficient updating and adoption of advanced technological tools and practices, with architects identified as significant contributors. While architectural design firms demonstrated awareness of circular economy principles, the adoption of circular design strategies and knowledge of Egyptian waste management laws remained limited. Effective circular design strategies included reuse, durability, building information modelling, circularity and enhanced communication. Practical implications This research develops a framework integrating circular economy principles during the design process in Egyptian architectural design firms to minimize construction waste and enhance sustainability. By addressing key construction waste drivers and promoting circular design strategies, it offers practical solutions for optimizing resources, improving material efficiency and reducing project costs. The study emphasizes the role of innovative technologies like building information modelling and modular construction in driving sustainability and efficiency. It supports Egypt’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030 while fostering technological advancements and regulatory improvements in the construction sector. Originality/value This study bridges a critical gap in construction literature by integrating circular economy principles into the design process, offering a structured approach to minimizing construction waste and promoting sustainable practices during the design process in Egypt’s architectural design firms. It provides practical guidance for architects, emphasizing building information modelling, material reuse and modular construction as effective strategies while supporting policymakers in enhancing waste management regulations. The research promotes sustainability by reducing environmental harm and resource depletion. It highlights the economic advantages of circular economy adoption, including cost savings and job creation in recycling and sustainable materials, aligning with Egypt’s Sustainable Development Strategy 2030.